President Obama had the legal authority to order Operation Geronimo and to execute the plan.

Include a page header (also known as the “running head”) at the top of every page. For a student paper, this only includes the page number. To create a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right. Then type “TITLE OF YOUR PAPER” in the header flush left using all capital letters. The running head is a shortened version of your paper’s title and cannot exceed 50 characters including spacing and punctuation.

1. Title page. This page should include the paper’s title, the author, and the institutional affiliation. A student paper should also include the course number and name, instructor name, and assignment due date. Include the page header (described above) flush left with the page number flush right at the top of the page.

Ref: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html

2.Abstract. Your abstract page should already include the page header (described above). On the first line of the abstract page, center and bold the word “Abstract” (no italics, underlining, or quotation marks). Beginning with the next line, write a concise summary of the key points of your research. (Do not indent.) Your abstract should contain at least your research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. You may also include possible implications of your research and future work you see connected with your findings. Your abstract should be a single paragraph, double-spaced. Your abstract should typically be no more than 250 words.

Ref: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html

3.Main body. The main body starts on the next page. The paper’s title is bolded and centered above the first body paragraph. There should be no “introduction” header. The paper is double-spaced, and uses Times New Roman 12 point font (as directed in the 1009W SPECIAL rubric). Paragraphs should be indented. See the APA Sample Student Paper at https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_sample_paper.html)

Citations. Citations consist of quotes or excerpts from another author/reference that you included in your paper. The APA format generally follows the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation. Use the abbreviation “p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). Use an en dash for page ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This information is reiterated below.

Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

Ref: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html

DISCUSS: What actions could occur to writers who do not include citations in their paper(s) even though they used direct quotes and outside references?

4.References. Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.

Your references should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page “References” in bold, centered at the top of the page (do NOT underline or use quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay. Basic rules for most sources are:

All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.

All authors’ names should be inverted (i.e., last names should be provided first).

Authors’ first and middle names should be written as initials.

oFor example, the reference entry for a source written by Jane Marie Smith would begin with “Smith, J. M.”

oIf a middle name is not available, just initialize the author’s first name: “Smith, J.”

Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors, (this is a new rule, as APA 6 only required the first six authors). Separate each author’s initials from the next author in the list with a comma. Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name. If there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name.

Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.

For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.

When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, webpages, or other sources, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.

oNote again that the titles of academic journals are subject to special rules. See section below.

Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections, names of newspapers, and so on).

Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as chapters in books or essays in edited collections.

Ref: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html

Facilitator Note: Allow me to provide you with a brief recap on APA in-text citations and APA references. Please note the following two slides.