Introduction (200 words)- Briefly introduce the topic of the essay and provide some context on the English prison system and youth justice.- Provide a thesis statement that outlines the main argument of the essay.II. Historical Context (400 words)- Provide an overview of the historical context of the English prison system and youth justice from 1948 to the present day.- Discuss the key events, policies, and debates that have shaped the prison system and youth justice during this period.- Highlight any significant changes that have occurred in the treatment of young offenders during this time.III. Punitive Turn (600 words)- Discuss the shift towards a more punitive approach to youth justice in the 1980s and 1990s.- Analyze the factors that contributed to this shift, such as rising crime rates, public opinion, and political ideology.- Evaluate the impact of this shift on young offenders, including the rise of custodial sentences and the decline of community-based alternatives.IV. Rehabilitation Turn (600 words)- Discuss the move towards a more rehabilitative approach to youth justice in the 2000s.- Analyze the factors that contributed to this shift, such as research evidence, changes in political leadership, and international human rights standards.- Evaluate the impact of this shift on young offenders, including the introduction of new interventions and programs aimed at reducing reoffending.V. Contemporary Challenges (500 words)- Discuss the contemporary challenges facing the English prison system and youth justice with regard to young offenders.- Analyze the impact of austerity measures, privatization, and overcrowding on the treatment of young offenders.- Evaluate the effectiveness of current policies and practices in addressing the needs of young offenders and reducing reoffending.VI. Conclusion (200 words)- Summarize the main arguments of the essay and restate the thesis statement.- Provide some final reflections on the topic, including any recommendations for future policy and practice.
Critically discuss how and why the English prison system has changed from 1948 to the present day with regard to young offenders
Also possible include more statistics, compare other countries with England and wales, crime and disorder act 1998, the Taylor review 2016- however this is all in the PowerPoint provided in the materials I sent over
Possible books which may help-
Here are some free-to-access articles and books that you may find useful when critically discussing how and why the English prison system has changed from 1948 to the present day with regard to young offenders:1. “The Changing Face of Youth Justice in England and Wales: A Critical Review” by Barry Goldson and John Muncie (2014). This article is available for free on the website of the Howard Journal of Crime and Justice. It provides a critical review of the changes to the youth justice system in England and Wales over the past few decades, including the shift towards a more punitive approach in the 1980s and the move towards a more rehabilitative approach in the 2000s.2. “The Evolution of the English Juvenile Justice System” by Tim Bateman (2017). This article is available for free on the website of the Journal of Social Policy. It provides an overview of the evolution of the English juvenile justice system from the 19th century to the present day, including the various changes that have occurred in response to political, social, and economic factors.3. “Youth Justice: Ideas, Policy, Practice” by Barry Goldson and John Muncie (2015). This book is available for free on the website of the Open University. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the youth justice system in England and Wales, including the various changes that have occurred over the past few decades and the debates surrounding these changes.4. “Young Offenders and the Law: How the Law Responds to Youth Offending” by Raymond Arthur (2015). This book is available for free on the website of the University of London Press. It provides an overview of the legal framework governing the youth justice system in England and Wales, including the various changes that have occurred since the 1948 Children Act.5. “The Politics of Punishment: A Critical Analysis of Prisons in America” by John Muncie and David Wilson (2016). This book is available for free on the website of the University of Bristol. Although it focuses on the American prison system, it provides a critical analysis of the role of punishment in criminal justice systems and may be useful for understanding the broader context in which changes to the English prison system have occurred.
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