Describe the history of the mechanical clock, including at least one influence that led to its development

In your write up:
1. Describe the history of the mechanical clock, including at least one influence that led to its development (e.g., historical, cultural, religious, social, economic, political). Note we are not interested in timekeeping before 1200, nor in post-mechanical clocks such as digital and atomic clocks.
2. Explain how the mechanical clock gave rise to the concept of artifactual time.
3. Explain how precision in accurate timekeeping affected human behavior in both Europe and the United States. Give examples.
4. For engineers and computer scientists, time has a double influence. As with anyone, it is an essential part of our day-to-day life and how we organize ourselves. At the same time, it figures into our particular disciplines in ways that depend on each discipline (scientifically, methods used, …). Describe how artifactual timekeeping has affected your own behavior in your everyday life, and also as an engineer or computer scientist in training.