pharaonic history "The first era"

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The Pharaonic era in the history of Egypt extends to about three thousand years, from 3200 BC until Alexander the Great entered Egypt in 323 BC. During the Pharaonic era, Egypt witnessed many stages of renaissance and progress, which left a huge legacy of the manifestations and effects of civilization, urbanization, science and the arts. Historians divide the Pharaonic era in the history of Egypt into three consecutive sections: The old country. Middle country. The modern state.. Historians also divide this era into thirty ruling dynasties, divided into these three stages in the history of Egypt. The ancient era (Dynasties 1 and 2): King “Mina” is credited with achieving the political unity of Egypt around the year 3200 BC. M, and he was able to establish the first ruling family in the history of Pharaonic Egypt, and Mina wanted to secure the unity of the country, so he established a city near the head of the delta, later called “Memphis”, and this unity was an important factor in the renaissance of Egypt in various aspects of life.The Old Kingdom (Dynasties 3 to 6): The age of this state is considered the period of Egypt’s youth and it was characterized by stability, security and peace, which facilitated its progress economically, culturally and artistically. The ruling brigade was held for the kings of the old state who built the pyramids around 2800 BC. After the throne of the country moved to Memphis at the hands of Pharaoh Djoser The owner of the oldest known pyramid, which is the Step Pyramid of Saqqara, and the civilization of Egypt flourished in the days of this state, and there is no evidence for that from the huge pyramids of Giza of Kings Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure.The First Intermediate Period (Dynasties 7 to 10): This era began around the year 2200 BC. AD when the reins of power slipped from the hands of the pharaoh until he was able to “Mentuhotep II” unite the country again. The Middle Kingdom (Dynasties 11, 12): After Mentuhotep II, Prince of Thebes, managed around the year 2065 BC. M. From the reunification of the country, he established a strong government that succeeded in consolidating order and establishing security, which helped the country’s economic recovery and the advancement of arts and architecture, then it began in the year 2000 BC. M. The rule of a great man is Amenemhat the First, the owner of the greatest credit for building the renaissance that appeared during the Middle Kingdom.. The kings and queens of the Twelfth Dynasty won international fame in the fields of politics, war, culture, civilization and religion, such as “Ahmose” the hero of liberation, “Amenhotep the First” the just one who issued a law banning forced labor and setting fair standards for wages and incentives, and “Thutmose I” the warrior who expanded the Egyptian borders North and south, spreading education and expanding the opening of mines and the mining industry, and “Thutmose II” and “Thutmose III” the emperor with outstanding military genius and the first great conqueror in the history of the world, and “Thutmose IV” the diplomat who was the first to be interested in codifying and recording international treaties, and “Amenhotep III” the richest king in the ancient world, who opened schools “houses of life” to spread education and plastic and applied arts,And Akhenaten, the first monotheist and the first king in the history of mankind, called for the oneness of God, the Creator of everything, and Tutankhamun, who gained fame in the contemporary world, and among the most famous queens of this family, for example, Queen Ayahotep, the wife of King Saqnan Ra. Queen “Ahmose-Nefertari”, wife of Ahmose the First, Queen “T”, the daughter of the people, wife of Amenhotep III and mother of Akhenaten, Queen “Nefertiti” wife of “Akhenaten” and the great Queen “Hatshepsut” who ruled Egypt for nearly twenty years and during her reign Egypt reached the highest peak in civilization and architecture. And international trade, where the commercial and scientific marine mission was sent to the country of “Punt”, and also built one of the greatest, most magnificent and luxurious architectural monuments, which is the “Deir el-Bahari” temple.On the western shore of the Nile facing Luxor, it is a unique temple in its design and has no equal among all the temples of the ancient world. This era also witnessed the “religious revolution of Akhenaten”, where he called for the worship of one god and symbolized him with the sun disk and established a new capital for the country and called it “Akhitaten”. .